Method and apparatus for efficiently generating electronic requests for quote

ABSTRACT

A system and method for efficiently responding to electronic requests for quote (“RFQ”). Through use, a user, such as a merchant, can automatically create and deliver an electronic RFQ response, without need for any interaction by the merchant. The merchant may establish certain criteria in order to allow the system and method to automatically respond to electronic RFQ&#39;s received by the merchant.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application relates to application Ser. No. 09/517,792 filed on May10, 2002, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Processing Requests forQuotations” and naming Gunter Leeb, Cheryl W. Scott and David J. Reeseas inventors, and commonly assigned with the present application, theapplication being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for efficientlygenerating and responding to electronic requests for quote.

2. Description of the Related Art

Choosing and purchasing products today is a time consuming and difficulttask for buyers, especially corporate buyers who are responsible forpurchasing large amounts of information technology (IT) equipment (e.g.,desktop computers, laptop computers, servers, software, etc.). Buyers ofIT equipment must spend a large amount of time accessing a variety ofdifferent sources through a variety of means to research the equipmentthey need and the merchant from which they want to buy. To obtain thedesired products at the least cost with the right service options, thecorporate buyer typically requests quotes from various merchants, andsubsequently selects the most competitive of the quotes. To this end,the buyer prepares a general list of products wanted along with otherinformation (e.g., delivery date), and sends the list to a number ofmerchants via either fax, e-mail, or regular mail. The merchants, inresponse, generate quotes which are returned to the buyer via e-mail,fax, or regular mail.

As discussed, the generating of requests for quotes and responsesthereto is a very time consuming practice. This is even the case if therequests and/or responses are prepared electronically, as a user mustmanually obtain and enter the desired information.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system, a method, or carrier mediumcomprising instructions executable by a computer system for efficientlygenerating and responding to electronic requests for quote (“RFQ”). Asused herein, the term “RFQ” is understood to include, but not be limitedto, request for quote, request for bid, request for services, requestfor data/information, request for proposal, and the like, and is not tobe limited to the more limiting, general commercial use of “RFQ,” i.e.,a request for quote.

The term “system” as used herein generally describes hardware componentsthat in combination allow the execution of software programs oralgorithms. Hardware generally includes a processor, memory medium, andinput/output (I/O) devices. As used herein the term “processor”generally describes the logic circuitry that responds to and processesbasic instructions contained in a memory medium. The term “memorymedium” includes an installation medium, e.g., a CD ROM, or floppydisks; a volatile computer system memory such as DRAM, SRAM, rambus RAM,etc.; or a non volatile memory such as optical storage or magneticmedium, e.g., a hard drive. The term “memory” is used interchangeablywith “memory medium” herein. The memory medium may comprise other typesof memory or combinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may belocated in a system in which the software programs are executed, or maybe located in a second system that connects to the first system over anetwork. In this later instance, the second system provides the programinstructions to the first computer for execution.

Systems may take various forms. In general, systems can be broadlydefined to encompass any device having a processor that executesinstructions from a memory medium. Instructions for implementing thepresent invention on a system can be received by the system via acarrier medium. The carrier medium may include the memory media orstorage media described above in addition to signals such as electricalor electromagnetic signals, conveyed via a communication medium such asa network and/or wireless link.

FIG. 1 shows a network of computer systems. More particularly, FIG. 1shows a network having several client computer systems or terminals 2through 8 coupled to server computer systems 10 and 12 via the Internet.One or more of the servers 10 and 12 and terminals 2 through 8 mayinclude a database. It is to be understood that in example embodimentsmore or fewer client and server systems may be present.

The present invention in one embodiment permits a user, who may be abuyer (including an individual) involved in any part of a channel ofdistribution of particular goods and/or services, to automaticallycreate and deliver an electronic RFQ to one or more preselectedmerchants. By use of the system, a user can often save significant time,expense, and resources typically incurred in creating and delivering anRFQ. In an example embodiment, in an instant RFQ system, the RFQ isautomatically generated based on the product(s) and quantities selectedby the user, preselected user preferences, and/or system preferences andbusiness rules.

As used herein, the terms “automatically” and “instant” both mean that arequested activity (i.e., the generation of an RFQ or a responsethereto) is performed by a computing means with minimal or noinvolvement by a user. It is to be understood that such instant orautomatic RFQ generation is distinguished from manual creation of an RFQelectronically, such as described in application Ser. No. 10/145,607referenced above. In such a manual process, a user creates an RFQ via auser interface or the like by manually entering data or selecting frommenus (e.g., pull-down lists or the like) into an electronic RFQ form.

The instant RFQ may be generated from any website or location from whicha user desires to access the instant RFQ function. For example, a usermay be viewing a website of an etailer (i.e., a retailer of productssold or licensed via the world wide web or its successors (“Web”))relating to a particular computer or other product. As used herein, theterm “product” is defined broadly to encompass goods, services,information, and other things that may be sold, licensed or otherwiseprovided or transferred. Using the methods disclosed herein, the usercan simply click on an “Instant RFQ” or similar function buttonavailable on the website or perform other user activated operations toselect a product, and the system will automatically configure anddeliver an RFQ to merchants for the selected product in accordance withthe user preferences.

Further, in example embodiments, a response to an RFQ (otherwise knownas a “quote”) may be prepared and delivered automatically, without needfor any interaction by a merchant. In other embodiments, a response maybe prepared and delivered efficiently by a system in which certainportions of the response may be instantly prepared by autopopulation orthe like. By use of the system and methods disclosed herein, a seller,who may be a merchant of goods and/or services and/or information in anypart of a channel of distribution for such goods/services/information,may efficiently respond to an electronic RFQ.

In an example embodiment, the methods disclosed herein may be used inconnection with a global computer network, such as the Internet or othersuch network, in which a plurality of buyers and sellers interact. In anexample embodiment, the buyers and sellers may be interconnected to acentral system, such as a server computer (e.g., through an applicationservice provider (“ASP”) or the like) as shown in the example network ofFIG. 1. The central system may be used as a centralclearinghouse/manager with regard to the processing of RFQs andresponses thereto.

A more detailed discussion of an example architecture of such a systemis disclosed in the application referred to above, entitled “Method andApparatus for Processing requests for Quotations” filed on the same dateas the present application.

In use of such a system, a buyer may send an RFQ, which may be generatedusing the methods disclosed herein, electronically to a group ofsellers. Upon receipt of the electronic RFQ, a merchant may then use themethods disclosed herein to respond to the RFQ efficiently.

In an example embodiment, a user may first configure a profile toreflect that user's preferences or accept a default profile with regardto efficiently creating RFQs. Such a configuration process may includeresponding to a series of fields within a user interface or the like. Inan example embodiment, this user profile may be stored at a centrallocation or alternately, it may be stored at the user location or anyother place accessible to the RFQ system.

When the user finds a product or products for which he seeks to developan RFQ, the user may select the automatic RFQ function. In an exampleembodiment, the user may locate the product(s) via a website (such as anelectronic marketplace or manufacturer's or etailer's site) using a webbrowser or the like, or may locate the product in an electronic databaseto which he has access through an online service or application softwareon his computer. In certain embodiments, the user may access the websiteof an application service provider (ASP), which provides access to oneor more product databases from which to select products. Further, such awebsite may have a list, such as a pull-down menu showing the variousproducts potentially available.

The user may select the automatic RFQ function in a number of ways, suchas by selecting an “Instant RFQ” button or the like available inconjunction with a list of products in an electronic marketplace, on themanufacturer's or retailer's website, or the user may alternately accessthe ASP's website, which performs the instant RFQ function. Uponselection, the system will access the buyer profile, and an RFQ will beefficiently configured using the information stored therein.Alternately, the profile may be supplied to the system (together withthe product selection) from the user's computer or the system mayrequest the information from a remote database or another system tocollect the user's profile. In certain embodiments, a buyer may chooseto have only part of the RFQ prepared automatically, and the buyer willactively create or edit part of the RFQ before delivery. In otherembodiments, a buyer may choose an option between these two extremes,such as selecting to approve an automatically prepared RFQ before it isdelivered. In an example embodiment, a buyer may view the RFQ before itis delivered.

A similar process may be performed on the seller's side of the instantRFQ system. In an example embodiment, a merchant operating a workstationmay first configure a profile to reflect that merchant's preferenceswith regard to efficiently responding to RFQs. Such a configurationprocess may include responding to a series of fields within a userinterface or the like. Upon completion, this merchant profile may bestored at a central location (e.g., a server computer) or it may bestored at the merchant workstation (or both).

When RFQs are then directed to the merchant (which may be via a centralserver, as discussed above, or via an email to the merchant'sworkstation), the merchant profile will be accessed, and a response willbe efficiently configured using the information stored therein. Incertain embodiments, a merchant may choose (based on its profile) tohave the entire response process performed automatically, that is, theresponse may be generated and delivered electronically, without themerchant even being aware of the presence of the RFQ. Alternately, amerchant may choose to have only part of the response preparedautomatically, and the merchant will actively create or edit part of theresponse before delivery. In other embodiments, a merchant may choose anoption between these two extremes, such as selecting to approve anautomatically prepared response before it is delivered.

Thus, using the methods and system disclosed herein, a buyer and sellermay efficiently generate and respond to an electronic RFQ via a networkof interconnected computers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention may be better understood, and its numerousobjects, features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in theart by referencing the accompanying drawings. The use of the samereference number throughout the several figures designates a like orsimilar element.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a network of interconnected computers.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computer system.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an example configuration method to configure abuyer profile.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example automatic RFQ process.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example automatic RFQ response process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring again to FIG. 1, a large area network, such as the Internet,includes a plurality of networked “servers” 10 and 12 that areaccessible by “client terminals” 2 through 8. Communication between theservers 10 and 12 and the client terminals 2-8 typically occurs over apublicly accessible network, such as a public switched telephone networkover asynchronous digital subscriber lines (“ASDL”) telephone lines, orlarge bandwidth trunks, such as T1 or OC3 service. The client terminals2-8 access the various servers 10 and 12 through an Internet serviceprovider, e.g., America On-Line, Prodigy, CompuServe and the like, byexecuting application specific software, commonly referred to as a“browser”, on a workstation, such as computer 14, shown more clearly inFIG. 2.

Referring to FIG. 2, an exemplary computer system 14 that may beassociated with the servers 10 and 12 and client terminals 2-8 has oneor more system buses 22 placing various components of the system in datacommunication. The system bus 22 allows data communication betweenprocessor 24 and both a read only memory (ROM) 26 and random accessmemory (RAM) 28. The ROM 26 contains among other code, the BasicInput-Output system (BIOS) which controls basic hardware operation, suchas the interaction with peripheral components such as keyboard 34.Applications resident with a computer system 14 are generally stored onand accessed via a computer readable medium 32, such as a hard diskdrive, optical drive, floppy disk drive, compact disk, or other storagemedium. Additionally, applications may be in the form of electronicsignals modulated in accordance with the application and datacommunication technology when accessed via a network.

The RAM 28 is the main memory into which the operating system andapplication programs are loaded and generally affords at least 32megabytes of memory space. Through data communication on system bus 22,memory management chip 36 controls direct memory access (DMA)operations. DMA operations include passing data between the RAM 28 andthe mass storage memory 32. Also in data communication with the systembus 22 are various I/O controllers: a keyboard controller 38, a mousecontroller 40 and a video controller 42. The keyboard controller 38provides a hardware interface for the keyboard 34, the mouse controller40 provides the hardware interface for a mouse 46, or other point andclick device, and the video controller 42 provides a hardware interfacefor a display 48.

A modem 49 or network circuitry (not shown) enables networked computersystems 14 to communicate data over a network via any of various datacommunication technologies such as digital subscriber lines (“DSL”),ADSL, ISDN, or ordinary telephone lines. The operating system of thecomputer system 14 may be WINDOWS 98, UNIX, or any other known operatingsystem. The RAM 28 also supports a number of Internet access tools,including, for example, an HTTP-compliant Web browser having aJavaScript interpreter, such as Netscape Navigator, Microsoft InternetExplorer, and other similar browsers.

The architecture discussed in FIGS. 1 and 2, and discussed more fully inthe copending application entitled “Method and Apparatus for Processingrequests for Quotations,” referenced above, may be used to create andrespond efficiently to RFQs using the methods disclosed herein.

To efficiently create RFQs, a buyer may first create a buyer profile,indicating preferences that govern creation of RFQs. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example embodiment of a process for generating a buyerprofile. As shown in FIG. 3, a buyer may choose to configure a profileat step 55. In an example embodiment, this buyer profile may be createdby a user's responses to inquiries displayed via a user interface, whichmay be accessible via a website, user-loaded software, or other suchelectronic means, or the profile may be created manually by filling outa questionnaire or sending an email or via telephone to a call-center orthe like, to enter the information into the system. Thus, in step 60,the user interface is displayed to the user.

In an example embodiment, the user interface may contain a plurality offields for selection of various preferences. The fields may be set upfor open-ended responses (such as name and address fields) or may seekclosed responses, such as through the use of click-down menus or otherselection of preexisting responses. In various embodiments, the numberand type of such fields may vary considerably. The user providesresponses to the various preferences and rules, which are accepted bythe system at step 65.

An example embodiment may include the following fields, which arediscussed in detail. A first group of fields may relate toidentification fields for the buyer. Included in such identificationfields may be information relating to the buyer (organization), such ascompany size, growth/revenue, business type, buying history, tax status(e.g., non-profit) and the like. Of course, it is to be understood thatindividual buyers may also generate buyer profiles configured for theirpurposes.

A second group of fields may relate to user preferences in creating theinstant RFQ. These preference fields may relate to various itemstypically present in an RFQ, such as a merchant list, days until the duedate, default service requirements, days prior to sending the RFQ, daysuntil delivery after an order, and the like. In example embodiments, thechoice of which merchants to send the RFQ to may be based on variouscriteria. For example, a buyer may want to send the RFQ to all merchantsin the system, or the buyer may manually create a preferred merchantlist. Alternately, an automatically generated preferred merchant list(e.g., ranking by the system) may be adopted. Other criteria inselecting merchants may include, for example, distance between buyer andseller, buying history of buyer, a seller's product spectrum, sellerqualifications and service offerings (e.g., authorizations), productcategory and seller's specialization, and product availability. Thus,the user may select one or more of these or like criteria in determiningwhat merchants will be selected for receiving an RFQ.

Additional fields relating to a buyer's preferences may include a duedate for bids, which in an example embodiment may be a pre-selectednumber of days into the future. Further, a user's service requirements,such as the level of technical support needed for computer equipment(i.e., on-site support, call center, 24/7, etc.) may be selected.Further fields may include notification messages (user defaults), andadditional user information and comments (to be included in anotification message, which will be discussed below).

After completing the buyer profile, the system may display the completedprofile to the user at step 70. Then at step 75, the user may confirmthat all information is correct. Then, at step 80, the profile is storedso that it may be accessed for use in creation of an instant RFQ. Inexample embodiments, the profile may be stored in a central location,such as a central server, so that it may be accessed in operation of thesystem. Alternately (or in parallel), the profile may be stored in theremote user's workstation, for access in embodiments in which theinstant RFQ process is run from an application loaded on the user'sworkstation. Furthermore, the remotely stored profile may be accessedvia the Internet or other global computer network as a type of “cookie”file indicative of the user's preferences or in other such manner.

It is to be understood that wherever the buyer profile is stored, it maybe accessed by the buyer at any time in order to edit or modify any ofthe fields (or add additional fields), based upon the buyer'sthen-current preferences.

In operation of an example embodiment of an instant RFQ process 100, theuser starts the instant RFQ process by selecting one or more productsand choosing to create an instant RFQ, as shown in FIG. 4 at steps 110and 120. The user may access the products via various sources, asdiscussed above, such as a website, database, or other collection ofproducts. (It is to be understood that if an automatic RFQ is notselected, a manual template may be provided for the user at step 125.)As discussed above, there may be a button, clickable icon or the likefor the user to instruct the system to create the RFQ. Also, a user mayselect the automatic option from a menu or by command line. For example,an “instant RFQ” button may be next to a product line item from catalogsearch results or on a shopping cart type screen. Upon the command tocreate an instant RFQ, the buyer's profile will be accessed at step 130.Then, based on the product(s), buyer profile, and system rules (andmerchant rules, as needed), the RFQ is automatically created at step140. In an example embodiment, the generation may occur at a centralserver location, such as an ASP's server. However, it is to beunderstood that in other embodiments the operation may occur elsewhere.

In an example embodiment, the instant RFQ will be displayed on theuser's workstation in a user interface, in which the selectedproduct(s), applicable preferences and a changeable quantity field aredisplayed back to the user for confirmation. Also, the instant RFQcontains an RFQ identification, which may be a simple number or a moredescriptive term generated from the products requested in the RFQ, senddate and the like. An embodiment may also display details of when andwhere results can be compared.

It is to be understood that described herein are example process stepsrather than alternatives. Business rules and system design may leave outcertain steps and in some cases change the order.

In operation, the merchant lists to whom the instant RFQ will bedelivered is configured by the system based on the preferences set inthe buyer's profile. In addition, system preference rules, businessrules, and merchant preferences will be analyzed by the system increating a merchant list. These rules may include:

-   -   1. selecting all merchants known to the RFQ system;    -   2. removing sellers that will not deliver to the buyer (e.g.,        different sales area, out of distance, wrong organization type,        etc.);    -   3. removing sellers that are out of distance to the buyer (based        upon the preselected user preference);    -   4. merging the user's list of unconditional preferred merchants;    -   5. removing sellers not selling products from the requested        category;    -   6. removing sellers that will not do business with the buyer        based on the user's profile;    -   7. removing sellers that do not meet the requested        qualifications (e.g., merchants not having 24 hour tech        support); and/or    -   8. removing sellers that do not have the product available.

Further, the system may sort the remaining merchants in the list basedon seller ranking (user preference specifies sort criteria, e.g., mostbids awarded, most responses, highest volume, industry awards, sellersize, and the like). Additionally, the system may prepend the user'slist of unconditional preferred merchants (if present in the buyer'sprofile). Finally, in example embodiments, the system may have apreselected maximum number of merchants to whom an RFQ will be deliveredand if so, the system will trim the merchant list to the system setmaximum.

Further, the system inserts other fields from the user profile andsystem preferences, such as due date (which may be generated from thedays until due date value in the buyer's profile), service Requirements,send date and additional information. Upon completion of the instantRFQ, the system will seek confirmation from the buyer that all of theinformation is correct at step 150. The buyer may confirm the RFQ by asingle click (i.e., selecting a “Confirm” or “Send” button on the RFQ).If the buyer does not confirm the RFQ, he may edit it at step 160.

The system then sends notifications to the invited merchants regardingthe RFQ at step 170. This notification may take different forms invarious embodiments. In one example embodiment, the notification mayinclude the RFQ itself, and may be sent via e-mail directly to arepresentative of the merchant, sales people of the merchantorganization, or subset or the like. Alternately, the notification maybe an e-mail containing a clickable uniform resource locator (generallyknown as “URL”), providing the merchant with a way to access the RFQ ata specified location (which in an example embodiment may be a centrallocation of an ASP) via the Internet or other computer network wherebuyers and sellers are connected. Other means of notification mayinclude notifications on the site, pop-up messages in user-loadedsoftware, fax, pager, voice mail, call, and the like. The system rulesor the seller's preferences may also state that the user does notreceive notifications.

In certain embodiments, a merchant who receives an electronic RFQ(generated automatically or manually) may choose to respondautomatically (without even being aware of the presence of the RFQ) in amanner similar to that discussed above in connection with generating anRFQ.

To be able to efficiently bid or respond to RFQs, a merchant may firstcreate a merchant profile in a similar manner as discussed above inconnection with FIG. 3, indicating preferences to be following inefficiently responding. In an example embodiment, this merchant profilemay be created by a user interface, which may be accessible via awebsite, user-loaded software, or other such electronic means.Alternately, the profile may be created manually, by filling out aquestionnaire or the like, or via contacting a call center (viatelephone, email, fax, mail, etc) which enters the information and/ormakes it accessible to the system. If obtained via a website, the userinterface may be in HTML format or other such markup language.

In an example embodiment, the user interface may contain a plurality offields for selection of various preferences. The fields may be set upfor open-ended responses (such as name and address fields) or may seekclosed responses, such as through the use of click-down menus or otherselection of preexisting responses. In various embodiments, the numberand type of such fields may vary considerably.

An example embodiment may include the following fields, which arediscussed in detail. A first group of fields may relate toidentification fields seeking name and address information.Additionally, fields may be present to describe in detail thatmerchant's business operation, such as level in a distribution channel(i.e., manufacturer, distributor, value-added reseller, and the like),and a merchant's authorization status (such as whether the merchant isauthorized to sell and/or service a particular brand of computerequipment).

Another group of fields may include rules-based analysis of situationsin which and how a merchant desires to implement an automatic or otherefficient response. More specifically, in an example embodiment, suchrules may include:

-   -   1. rules for rejecting an RFQ (and approving the rejection);    -   2. rules when an automatic reply should be used;    -   3. rules when a user needs to approve a reply;    -   4. rules for creating the reply (i.e. filling in the values        (e.g. price)); and    -   5. rules for rejecting a reply after the reply has been        generated.

Further, these rules may include a determination of whether and at whatpreselected threshold a merchant desires to deliver automatic responses(that is, a response will be prepared without any interaction by themerchant). For example, a merchant may provide a preselected transactionamount below which the merchant desires a response to be preparedautomatically. Further, there may exist a lower threshold below which amerchant chooses to reject an RFQ or not to respond whatsoever.

Alternately, the merchant may select a transaction amount above which itmay choose to review and approve automatically generated responses. Inyet other embodiments, the merchant may choose to have a partiallyautomated response process in which certain information is automaticallygenerated, and other information is entered by the merchant. Other rulesfields may include how to analyze a buyer business profile, quantity ofgoods/services requested, and the like.

Another group of fields may relate to selection of preferences inautomatically responding. These fields may include rules to determinewhere the merchant will obtain the product in question. For example, amerchant may obtain its goods from a variety of different suppliers ordistributors, depending on variables relating to pricing, availability,delivery, location, and the like. In this supplier field, the merchantmay select one or more suppliers from which it will obtain the productsthat are the subject of the RFQ. For example, a merchant typically hasprearranged business relationships with one or more distributors. It isto be understood that in operation, the system may then use thissupplier field to automatically seek and obtain price and availabilityinformation regarding the product from the one or more suppliersselected by the merchant. In example embodiments, the system may obtainthis information from a central database, or alternately, the system mayobtain real-time information from the supplier or suppliers via theInternet or other computer network.

Yet another preference field may be rules relating to how to choosebetween more than one supplier, assuming that the multiple suppliershave the same product. Preferences relating to the choice of suppliermay include lowest price, availability, history, location, and the like.Further, a preference field may exist to select a preferred distributorbased on history, price, or availability, meaning that the system willobtain price and availability information from only that distributor. Inan embodiment in which ease of processing is desired, a single preferreddistributor will typically be selected by the merchant. In certainembodiments, the seller may choose to inform the distributor regardingthe buyer's interest in the particular product(s) and quantity. Further,in an example embodiment, the merchant may select a distributor from apreferred distributor list, in which the system will select a preferreddistributor, so long as the cost is not more than a preselectedpercentage above the lowest cost distributor (or select the cheapestdistributor from the list of preferred distributors).

Another preference field may be the expected delivery date, which may beselected to be a preselected time after acceptance of the response, onan “in stock” basis, or other such basis. Another preference field maybe whether the merchant chooses to substitute another product for therequested product, which may be performed on a comparison with the RFQproduct based on attributes of the products, their cost, ranking andavailability of the products (i.e., from the respective products'datasheets). However, in example embodiments, the system or buyer mayoverride any such substitution by stating that no substitutions arepermitted.

A further preference field may relate to a determination of pricing inresponding to the RFQ. For example, the selections for pricingpreference may be a merchant's list price or a preselected mark-up ormargin over the cost basis obtained from the supplier, and whether themargin varies from supplier to supplier or buyer. Additionally, themargin may vary depending on product/category. In example embodiments,the mark-up may be a fixed markup, or may be a percentage with orwithout a minimum mark-up, and may include discounts or increases basedon buyer and/or quantities, special agreement with the buyer, and/ortotal price. It is to be understood that for certain quotes, a merchantmay select a margin that is zero or even negative.

Additional fields may relate to other information to be provided in aquote, such as the date until when the quoted price is valid, additionalshipping/handling charges, taxes, shipping alternatives, and the like.It is to be understood that in certain embodiments, more or fewer fieldsmay be present for creating a merchant profile. For example, automaticproduct substitutions, quantity adjustments, and the ability toup-sell/cross-sell other products may be available to be selected by amerchant.

As discussed above, upon completion of the profile, it may be stored inone or more locations for access in efficiently responding to RFQs.These locations may include a merchant database of a central server, amerchant workstation, and the like. At a later time, the merchant mayaccess the profile to modify any of the fields, add additionalinformation, and the like.

In operation of the efficient response process, the RFQ system receivesan electronic RFQ via the network directed to the merchant by the buyer.The buyer may select the merchant as a result of choosing the specificmerchant, or by selecting the merchant as part of a group of merchants.For purposes of this discussion, it will be assumed that the RFQ goes toa central server for processing and delivery. However, it is to beunderstood that the merchant or another third party may perform theefficient response process at a location other than a central server.

As discussed, the RFQ may have a plurality of fields, including aproduct identification code, which may be a SKU number, name, or othersuch identifier. Other information is typically included in an RFQ, suchas quantity, delivery Requirements, comment field, and the like.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example automatic quote response process.As shown in FIG. 5, upon receipt of the RFQ, the server will access themerchant profile corresponding to the requested merchant from themerchant database or other such location at step 210. Next, the serveranalyzes the various fields within the RFQ to the rules and preferencesof the merchant and its profile. If not done when creating the RFQ, uponreceipt of an RFQ, it is first checked to automatically determinewhether a bid will even be generated for the RFQ based on the merchantprofile. This determination is the reverse of the merchant selectionsteps described above, but is controlled by the seller instead of thebuyer. On the buyer's side, this determination is a filtering process inwhich the RFQ is first implicitly filtered based upon informationcontained in the merchant profile. Such information may include that themerchant does not sell the requested products, or the merchant does notwant to do business with the particular buyer (or class of buyers). Thistype of filtering may be called implicit filtering because it isperformed on the buyer side of the process, and accordingly, isunnoticeable to the seller.

Additionally, explicit filtering is performed on an RFQ, in which theRFQ is automatically rejected based on a seller's preferences. Examplesof reasons why a seller may choose to reject an RFQ include: a minimumquantity is not met; an expected total revenue is below a predeterminedlimit; the seller does not have the product(s) in stock; the sellercannot get the product from its preselected distributors; or cannotreceive the products from distributors in time (e.g., because they arebackordered with the distributors). Other reasons for rejecting an RFQmay include that the buyer is not in the seller's predefined deliveryarea, or does not have the services requested, or is part of a speciallist of buyers to reject. Collectively, the implicit and explicitfiltering are shown at step 220 of FIG. 5. If no bid will be forthcomingfrom the seller, a notification will be sent to the buyer at step 225.If the system decides to reject an RFQ in this manner, the user may havethe option to RFQuire a confirmation.

Typically the server will then determine whether the RFQ may beautomatically responded to at step 230. For example, a merchant maydesire to not automatically respond to RFQs over a certain dollaramount, as there may be more issues relating to them, such as whetherthe merchant desires that amount of business and the like. If the rulesindicate that the particular RFQ may not be automatically responded to,based upon seller preferences, the server will notify the merchant thatan RFQ is present for responding at step 235. If some amount ofautomatic response is permitted by the merchant preferences, the serverwill configure the response to the extent permitted by the merchant,then the server will notify the merchant and provide the partiallycompleted response to the merchant for approval and/or furtherprocessing.

If automatic processing is indicated, the server may next determine aproduct corresponding to the product identifier (i.e., SKU number or thelike). Then, the server will access one or more databases (in accordancewith the merchant's preferences) to obtain information from thesuppliers at step 240, such as ascertaining the merchant's cost of theproduct. As discussed above, these databases may include a centralproduct database accessible by the server, and may also includecommunication to remote databases of one or more suppliers to themerchant in order to ascertain real-time cost and availabilityinformation. This is particularly desirable for RFQs relating totechnology products, which are known for their rapidly changing (andoften times falling) prices. In an example embodiment relating to suchtechnology products, supplier databases may include those available viathe Internet (but not necessarily over the www) from major distributors,such as Ingram Micro, Tech Data, and Pinacor.

The merchant's preferences contain all necessary details to communicatewith the supplier and obtain such price and availability information.Typically, a merchant provides any login/password information necessaryfor the system to retrieve the information from the supplier's databaseon behalf of the merchant. Furthermore, the system may have a regularlymaintained database that includes pricing and availability informationrelating to a number of products and from a number of suppliers. It isto be understood that while the process is being discussed in connectionwith a single product, numerous goods/services within a single RFQ maybe processed in like manner, individually or in batch. Further, multipleRFQs may be processed in like manner.

In accordance with the merchant's preferences, if cost and availabilityinformation is obtained from more than one supplier, the server willapply the preferences to determine which supplier is to be used inconstructing the response to the RFQ at step 250. Based on the costinformation of the selected supplier, the server will calculate a bidprice for the product at step 260. The bid price is calculated inaccordance with the merchant's preferences for determining bid price,which as discussed above, may include a preselected margin over cost, aminimum mark-up, application of any discounts, and the like.Additionally, if multiple units of a product are requested, the extendedbid price is also calculated, and may include further discounts,rebates, and the like.

Internally, the server may create a blank template to prepare theautomatic response at step 270. The response fields may include merchantidentification information, price, availability, delivery, and othersuch terms, and may also include an open field, so that a standardmessage from the merchant, such as relating to service or standardterms, may be provided. The server prepares the blank template with anystandard, fixed information, such as identification information andstandard messages. Further, the server may autopopulate fields relatingto the information obtained from the RFQ itself, such as product,quantity and other such information. It is to be understood however thatpreparing the response form may be performed in any order.

The calculated bid price and any extensions thereof are then enteredinto the response form. Any other fields required to be included in theresponse may be filled out in a similar manner. Examples of such fieldsinclude delivery information, shipping information, taxes, and the like.Additionally, based on the preferences, the response may include fieldsfor attempting to up-sell/cross-sell additional items to the buyer.However, in an embodiment in which ease of processing is important, suchfields may not be present.

Upon finalizing the response, the server determines whether confirmationis required before delivery at step 280. If not, the serverelectronically delivers notification of the response to the buyer and tothe merchant at step 285. As discussed above, in other embodiments, thesystem may be used to create responses that require approval beforedelivery. Often times, a merchant will require authorization beforedelivery of a bid having at least a certain dollar amount ofgoods/services. In such embodiments, upon completion of the response,the server (or application in the system) will provide notification tothe merchant that a response is available for approval at step 290. Suchnotification may be accomplished in various ways, such as by sending anemail, fax, page, telephone message or the like. Further, as with thenotification to the buyer, the notification itself may include theresponse, or it may provide an address from which to review theresponse. For example, an email may be sent in which a clickable URL ispresent, so that the merchant may click on the link to access theresponse. Typically, a notification contains instructions on how thequote can be accessed by the buyer.

Based on seller preferences, criteria for determining whether approvalis required may vary. In various embodiments, the seller may requireconfirmation for all or none of the automatically generated responses,or all responses over a predetermined amount. Also if there has been noapproval after a predetermined amount of time after the merchant hasbeen notified, the system may send the response automatically, incertain embodiments. In other embodiments, confirmation may be requiredfor a particular buyer or specified set of buyers, while quotes forother buyers may be sent immediately. Further, if services are part ofthe quote, a seller may choose to require approval of the quote.

If approval is indicated, after review, the merchant may approve theresponse by notifying the server that the response is ready for deliveryat step 300. The merchant may also print out a copy of the quote and maydeliver the response itself. Alternately, if the merchant desires tomake changes, it can do so by directly editing the response, anddelivering the revised response back to the server. In anotherembodiment, the merchant may choose to change some preferences andrecreate the instant quote at step 270. Upon receipt of approval, theserver will deliver the response to the buyer, as discussed above, atstep 310.

In yet other embodiments in which a merchant desires that only a portionof a response is automatically prepared, the server will send theautomatically generated portion (which in an example embodiment, mayinclude merchant identification information or further information, suchas discussed above) to the merchant for finalization. Upon finalization,the merchant can directly deliver the response, or may provide thefinalized response to the server for further processing and delivery.

It is to be understood that the invention may be embodied in data, acomputer readable medium, and the like, such as an application. Further,it is to be understood that the methods disclosed herein may beperformed in accordance with computer instructions corresponding to thesteps described above, and such a computer program may be anymachine-readable storage medium having a set of instructions for causinga computer, such as a general purpose computer, to perform theabove-described steps. In particular, the medium may include, forexample, magnetic storage medium, including disk and tape storagemedium; optical storage medium, including compact disk memory anddigital video disk storage medium; nonvolatile memory storage memory;volatile storage medium; and modulated, electronic signals.

Although the above disclosure includes a discussion of both automaticRFQ generation and automatically responding to an RFQ, it is to beunderstood that in certain embodiments, some or all of only one side ofthe process is automated. Also, one side (e.g., buyer) may be automated,while only a part of the merchant side is automated. In an embodimentwhere the RFQ and the quotes remain in the system, the buyer may usetools to compare and evaluate the quotes received.

Although the above embodiments have been described in connection with aserver-based means of generating a response, it is to be understood thatin other embodiments, the response may be generated by a remoteworkstation to which the merchant has access, such as a personalcomputer, personal digital assistant, Internet appliance, and the like.For example, it is possible for a buyer to directly send RFQs to one ormore merchants. In such a situation, the merchant's workstation may beadapted to automatically respond, in similar manner as discussed abovein connection with a server.

While the invention has been described with respect to the embodimentsand variations set forth above, these embodiments and variations areexamples and the invention is not to be considered limited in scope tothese embodiments and variations. Accordingly, various other embodimentsand modifications and improvements not described herein may be withinthe spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined by thefollowing claims and their equivalents.

1. A machine-readable storage medium comprising a set of instructionsfor causing a first computer system coupled to a network ofinterconnected computers to generate an electronic request for quote(RFQ) in response to an electronic RFQ generation request according tothe following: receiving, from a user of a client computer system, oneor more electronic selections of one or more products offered via one ormore web pages generated by a second computer system; receiving anelectronic RFQ generation request with the first computer system fromthe user of the client computer system to generate said electronic RFQ,wherein the RFQ generation request includes product selection dataindicating a selection of one or more products by the user and the RFQgeneration request is received in response to selection by the user ofan electronically selectable user interface component provided to theclient computer system by the second computer system to allow the userto request generation of the electronic RFQ generation request;receiving user profile data from the user; accessing at least onedatabase to obtain a file associated with said user, said filecomprising RFQ fulfillment related preferences of said user forgenerating said electronic RFQ; generating the electronic RFQ associatedwith the selected one or more products in accordance with the productselection data, the user profile data, and the user RFQ fulfillmentrelated data; selecting one or more merchants to receive the RFQ; andsending said electronic RFQ to the selected one or more merchants. 2.The machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprisinginstructions to cause said first computer system to seek confirmation ofsaid electronic RFQ by said user prior to said sending.
 3. The machinereadable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions tocause said first computer system to permit said user to edit saidelectronic RFQ prior to said sending.
 4. The machine-readable storagemedium of claim 1, wherein the machine-readable medium includes any ofmagnetic storage medium, including disk and tape storage medium; opticalstorage medium, including compact disk memory and digital video diskstorage medium; nonvolatile memory storage memory; volatile storagemedium; and modulated, electronic signals.
 5. The machine readablestorage medium of claim 1, wherein one or more of said preferences areselected from the group comprising days until a due date of the RFQ,default service requirements from a merchant, days prior to sending theRFQ, and days until delivery after an order.
 6. The machine readablestorage medium of claim 1 wherein the instructions are further forcausing the first computer system to: receive one or more quotes inresponse to said electronic RFQ.
 7. A method of generating an electronicrequest for quote (RFQ) with a first computer system, comprising:receiving electronic product selection data representing one or moreselected products and a quantity for each selected product to beincluded in the electronic RFQ, wherein each of the products are offeredvia one or more web pages generated by a second computer system;receiving a request from a user of a client computer system, coupled toa network of interconnected systems, to generate said electronic RFQ,wherein the RFQ generation request includes product selection dataindicating a selection of one or more products by the user and the RFQgeneration request is received in response to selection by the user ofan electronically selectable user interface component provided to theclient computer system by the second computer system to allow the userto request generation of the electronic RFQ generation request;executing code in first computer system to cause the first computersystem to: access at least one database at a central storage location toobtain a file associated with said user, said file comprising RFQfulfillment related preferences of said user for generating saidelectronic RFQ, wherein one or more of said preferences are selectedfrom the group comprising days until a due date of the RFQ, defaultservice requirements from a merchant, days prior to sending the RFQ, anddays until delivery after an order; populate fields of said electronicRFQ in accordance with said product selection data and preferences;select one or more merchants to receive the RFQ in accordance with theRFQ fulfillment related preferences; and sending said RFQ to at leastone of the selected merchants via said network.
 8. The method of claim7, wherein said request comprises an electronic request.
 9. The methodof claim 7, wherein said preferences comprise default entries for saidfields of said electronic RFQ.
 10. The method of claim 7, furthercomprising sending a confirmation of said electronic RFQ to said user.11. An electronic RFQ generated according to the method of claim
 7. 12.The method of claim 7, further comprising: receiving a response to theelectronic RFQ from at least one of the merchants, wherein the responseto the electronic RFQ from at least one of the merchants comprisesproduct quantity, price, and merchant information.
 13. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising: preparing a response to the electronic RFQ,wherein preparing the response further comprises: assessing priceinformation of a product corresponding to the selected one or moreproducts including accessing at least one database of a supplier of theresponding merchant, the database having price and availabilityinformation regarding the product from the supplier of the merchant, toascertain a cost of the product from the supplier.
 14. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising: receiving a response to the RFQ from atleast one of the merchants to whom the RFQ was directed.
 15. The methodof claim 14, wherein preparing a response to the electronic RFQ furthercomprises: assessing price information of a product corresponding to theselected one or more products including accessing at least one databaseof a supplier of the responding merchant, the database having price andavailability information regarding the product from the supplier of themerchant, to ascertain a cost of the product from the supplier.
 16. Themethod of claim 7, wherein the code in the computer system furtherincludes code to cause the first computer system to receive one or morequotes in response to said electronic RFQ.
 17. A method for a user toautomatically generate an electronic request for quote (RFQ) via aclient computer coupled to a first server computer and a second servercomputer, the method comprising: displaying one or more web pagesreceived from the second server computer, wherein at least one of theone or more web pages cause the client computer to display one or moreproducts for selection by the user and to display an electronicallyselectable, user interface component to allow the user to request thefirst server computer to automatically generate the electronic RFQ foreach selected product; and receiving a user selection of at least one ofthe products and a user selection of the user interface component; andsending an RFQ request to the first server computer to allow the firstserver computer to automatically generate the electronic RFQ for eachselected product based on user profile data and user preferencesprovided to the first server computer, identify one or more merchants toreceive the electronic RFQ, and prepare the electronic RFQ for sendingto each identified merchant.
 18. The method of claim 17, furthercomprising: receiving the electronically generated RFQ from the firstserver computer; displaying said electronic RFQ on said client computer.19. The method of claim 17, further comprising permitting said user toconfirm said electronic RFQ prior to sending of the electronic RFQ toeach identified merchant.
 20. The method of claim 17, further comprisingelectronically receiving at least one response to said electronic RFQ atsaid client computer via a network of interconnected computers to whichsaid client computer is coupled.
 21. The method of claim 17, whereinsaid user profile data and user preferences are stored at said secondserver computer.
 22. The method of claim 17, wherein said user profiledata and user preferences are stored at said client computer.
 23. Themethod of claim 17, wherein the user preferences are selected from thegroup comprising days until a due date of the RFQ, default servicerequirements from a merchant, days prior to sending the RFQ, and daysuntil delivery after an order.
 24. The method of claim 17, furthercomprising: receiving one or more quotes in response to said electronicRFQ.
 25. A system for automatically generating an electronic request forquote (RFQ) via a network, comprising: a first server system coupled toat least one remote system via the network, said first server systemcomprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memoryhaving code stored therein to cause the processor to: receive from theremote system electronic product selection data representing one or moreselected products and a quantity for each selected product to beincluded in the RFQ, wherein each product is offered via one or more webpages generated by a second server system; receive an electronic RFQgeneration request from the remote system to automatically generate saidelectronic RFQ, wherein the RFQ generation request includes productselection data indicating a selection of one or more products by a userof the remote system and the RFQ generation request is received inresponse to selection by the user of an electronically selectable userinterface component provided to the remote system by the second serversystem to allow the user to request generation of the electronic RFQgeneration request; process the product selection data; process theelectronic RFQ generation request; access a database that includes userprofile data and user RFQ fulfillment related preference data;automatically generate an electronic RFQ associated with the selectedone or more products in accordance with the product selection data, theuser profile data, and the user RFQ fulfillment related data;automatically select one or more merchants to receive the RFQ; and sendthe automatically generated RFQ to the selected one or more merchants.26. The system of claim 25, further comprising: a storage device coupledto said first server system, said storage device comprising the databaseincluding a file corresponding to the user profile data and user RFQfulfillment related preference data.
 27. The system of claim 26, whereinsaid storage device is integral to said first server system.
 28. Thesystem of claim 25 wherein the electronically selectable user interfacecomponent allows the user to create an instant RFQ for at least oneselected product.
 29. The system of claim 25, wherein the user RFQfulfillment related preference data are selected from the groupcomprising days until a due date of the RFQ, default servicerequirements from a merchant, days prior to sending the RFQ, and daysuntil delivery after an order.
 30. The system of claim 25, wherein thecode is further configured to cause the processor to: receive one ormore quotes in response to said electronic RFQ.
 31. A computer systemfor allowing a user to automatically generate an electronic request forquote (RFQ), the computer system comprising: a display; a processorcoupled to the display, memory coupled to the processor, the memoryhaving code stored therein to cause the processor to: receive userprofile and user RFQ preference data entered into the computer system;display one or more web pages received from a first server computersystem, wherein at least one of the one or more web pages causes displayof one or more products for selection by the user and causes display ofan electronically selectable, user interface component to allow the userto request a second server computer system to automatically generate theelectronic RFQ for each selected product; receive a selection of one ormore of the products and a selection of the user interface component;and sending an RFQ request to the second server computer to allow thesecond server computer system to automatically generate the electronicRFQ for each selected product based on user profile data and userpreferences provided to the second server computer system, identify oneor more merchants to receive the electronic RFQ, and prepare theelectronic RFQ for sending to each identified merchant.
 32. The computersystem of claim 31, wherein the code is further configured to cause theprocessor to: receive one or more quotes in response to said electronicRFQ.
 33. A method of using a first computer system to automaticallygenerate an electronic request for quote (“RFQ”) in response to anelectronic RFQ generation request, the method comprising: receivingelectronic product selection data representing one or more selectedproducts and a quantity for each selected product to be included in theRFQ, wherein each of the products are offered via one or more web pagesgenerated by a second computer system; receiving an electronic RFQgeneration request with the first computer system from a user of aclient computer system to automatically generate said electronic RFQ,wherein the RFQ generation request includes product selection dataindicating a selection of one or more products by the user and the RFQgeneration request is received in response to selection by the user ofan electronically selectable user interface component provided to theclient computer system by the second computer system to allow the userto request generation of the electronic RFQ generation request; and inresponse to the electronic RFQ generation request, executing code in thefirst computer system to cause the first computer system to: process theproduct selection data; process the electronic RFQ generation request;access a database that includes user profile data and user RFQfulfillment related preference data; automatically generate anelectronic RFQ associated with the selected one or more products inaccordance with the product selection data, the user profile data, andthe user RFQ fulfillment related data; automatically select one or moremerchants to receive the RFQ; and sending the automatically generatedRFQ to the selected one or more merchants.
 34. The method of claim 33,further comprising: receiving a response to the electronic RFQ from atleast one of the merchants, wherein the response to the electronic RFQfrom at least one of the merchants comprises product quantity, price,and merchant information.
 35. The method of claim 34, furthercomprising: automatically populating data fields of the response withpredetermined merchant profile and preference data.
 36. The method ofclaim 34, further comprising: preparing the response and electronicallysending the response completely automatically without merchantintervention.
 37. The method of claim 34, further comprising: preparinga response to the electronic RFQ, wherein preparing the response furthercomprises: assessing price information of a product corresponding to theselected one or more products including accessing at least one databaseof a supplier of the responding merchant, the database having price andavailability information regarding the product from the supplier of themerchant, to ascertain a cost of the product from the supplier.
 38. Themethod of claim 33, wherein electronically selectable user interfacecomponent allows the user to create an instant RFQ for at least oneselected product.
 39. The method of claim 33 further comprising:receiving a response to the RFQ from at least one of the merchants towhom the RFQ was sent.
 40. The method of claim 33, further comprising:receiving one or more quotes in response to said electronic RFQ.
 41. Themethod of claim 33, further comprising: providing a user interfacemodule to generate a user interface for said user to input informationincluding user profile and preference data; and obtaining saidinformation from said user via said user interface, said desiredinformation comprising: identification information regarding said user;preference selection information, said preference selection informationcomprising default entries for fields of said electronic RFQ; andstoring said information in a file correlating to said user.
 42. Themethod of claim 41, further comprising permitting said user to modifysaid file.
 43. The method of claim 41, further comprising transmittingsaid file to the database for storage.
 44. The method of claim 41,further comprising accessing said file upon receipt of electronic RFQgeneration request.
 45. The method of claim 44, further comprisingcreating said electronic RFQ using said information located within saidfile.
 46. The method of claim 41, wherein said computer system iscoupled to a network of interconnected computing systems.